ENGLISH IN IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES
Keywords:
language variation, sociolinguistics, identity, multilingualism, language pedagogy, intelligibility, global communication, linguistic diversity, cultural hybridity, English teaching, language policy.Abstract
This article explores the phenomenon of World English and its intrinsic connection to language variation across different sociolinguistic contexts. As English continues to evolve globally, it manifests in diverse localized forms influenced by cultural, historical, and linguistic factors. Rather than viewing these varieties as deviations from Standard English, the study adopts a pluralistic and descriptive perspective that recognizes the legitimacy and systematic nature of each English variety within its own speech community. The paper examines key aspects of phonological, lexical, morphological, and syntactic variation among World English, highlighting how these differences are shaped by contact with indigenous languages, post-colonial legacies, and sociopolitical identities. Drawing on examples from African English, South Asian English, and Caribbean English, the study emphasizes the role of code-switching, nativization, and acculturation processes in shaping distinct English norms. Furthermore, the article discusses the implications of linguistic variation for global communication, language policy, and English language pedagogy. It challenges the dominance of Inner Circle English (British and American English) and argues for a more inclusive, context-sensitive approach to English language teaching and assessment. The findings underscore the importance of embracing linguistic diversity and rethinking traditional norms in order to promote equitable and effective communication in the globalized world.
Downloads
References
Bamgbose, A. (1998). Torn between the norms: Innovations in world English. World English, 17(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-971X.00078
Jenkins, J. (2000). The Phonology of English as an International Language: New Models, New Norms, New Goals. Oxford University Press.
Kachru, B. B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk & H. Widdowson (Eds.), English in the World (pp. 11–30). Cambridge University Press.
Kachru, Y. (1992). Teaching World English. ERIC Digest. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov
Low, E. L., & Pakir, A. (2018). English in Southeast Asia: Features, policy and language in use. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Matsuda, A., & Friedrich, P. (2011). English as an International Language: A Curriculum Blueprint. World English, 30(3), 332–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2011.01717.x
Mehrotra, R. R. (1998). Indian English: Texts and Interpretation. John Benjamins.
Mufwene, S. S. (2001). The Ecology of Language Evolution. Cambridge University Press.
Pennycook, A. (1994). The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language. Longman.
Schneider, E. W. (2007). Postcolonial English: Varieties Around the World. Cambridge University Press.
Seidlhofer, B. (2001). Closing a conceptual gap: The case for a description of English as a lingua franca. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(2), 133–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/1473-4192.00011
Smith, L. E. (1987). Discourse across cultures: Strategies in world English. Prentice-Hall.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All content published in the Journal of Applied Science and Social Science (JASSS) is protected by copyright. Authors retain the copyright to their work, and grant JASSS the right to publish the work under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). This license allows others to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as they credit the author(s) for the original creation.