INCIDENCE AND PATHOMORPHOLOGY OF TERATOBLASTOMAS

Abstract

Teratoblastomas represent a rare subset of mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumors with distinctive pathomorphological features that pose significant diagnostic challenges. These tumors combine elements of teratoma with embryonal carcinoma or yolk sac tumor components, requiring specialized expertise for accurate identification and classification. To analyze the incidence, pathomorphological characteristics, and clinical outcomes of teratoblastomas in a large cohort study, providing insights into diagnostic criteria and prognostic factors. A retrospective multicenter analysis of 156 cases diagnosed as teratoblastomas was conducted over a 12-year period (2011-2023). Comprehensive histopathological examination, immunohistochemical profiling, and molecular analysis were performed. Clinical data including demographics, presentation, treatment, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Teratoblastomas comprised 0.08% of all ovarian tumors and 2.1% of germ cell tumors. The median age at diagnosis was 22.5 years (range: 8-45 years). Histologically, 89.1% showed mixed mature and immature teratomatous elements with malignant germ cell components. Alpha-fetoprotein was elevated in 78.2% of cases. Five-year overall survival was 71.3% with significant correlation to tumor stage and degree of immaturity. Early recognition of diagnostic features and appropriate staging are crucial for optimal patient outcomes.