LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL ENCODING OF TIME IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES
Keywords:
time encoding, tense and aspect, lexical expression of time, English, Russian, Uzbek, cognitive linguistics, cross-linguistic comparisonAbstract
This study explores how the concept of time is encoded lexically and grammatically in three typologically distinct languages: English, Russian, and Uzbek. Through a comparative analysis, the article examines vocabulary choices, idiomatic expressions, and grammatical mechanisms—such as tense, aspect, and morphological marking—that shape each language’s approach to temporal representation. English, with its analytic structure, relies on a detailed tense–aspect system and metaphor-rich lexicon to express precise temporal distinctions. Russian emphasizes aspect over tense, offering a dynamic, process-oriented view of time, while Uzbek employs agglutinative suffixation to integrate temporal, modal, and evidential meanings within single verb forms. The findings suggest that each language not only reflects but also influences how speakers conceptualize and experience time. These cross-linguistic differences have broader implications for understanding the relationship between language structure, cognitive processing, and cultural perceptions of temporality.
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