PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR DEVELOPING INDEPENDENT LEARNING AND COGNITIVE ACTIVITY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Keywords:
independent learning, cognitive activity, primary school, pedagogy, motivation, active learning, self-assessment, educational technologies.Abstract
This article examines the pedagogical conditions necessary for developing independent learning and cognitive activity in primary school students. It highlights the importance of fostering motivation, creativity, and problem-solving skills from the early stages of education. The study analyzes theoretical foundations such as Vygotsky’s concept of the zone of proximal development and constructivist approaches, emphasizing the teacher’s role as a facilitator rather than a knowledge transmitter. Practical strategies including the creation of a motivational environment, the use of active learning methods, individualization of the learning process, application of educational technologies, and self-assessment are discussed. The findings suggest that a comprehensive approach combining pedagogical, psychological, and technological aspects is essential for nurturing independence and preparing students for lifelong learning.
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References
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Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2004). Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn? Educational Psychology Review, 16(3), 235–266.
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