DEVELOPMENT OF SOME ELEMENTS OF THE TECHNOLOGY FOR GROWING LEEK (ALLIUM PORRUM L.) IN THE SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
Keywords:
leek, seeds, seedling age, germination rate, number of leaves, plant weight, yield, nitrates.Abstract
This article presents the results of research on the origin of leeks, major countries engaged in their cultivation, morpho-biological characteristics of the plant, as well as some features of cultivation technology. Field experiments were conducted on growing leeks from 20, 30, 40, and 50-day-old seedlings in moderately saline soils, observing their growth and development stages, and yield. The largest leaf sizes were found in areas planted with older seedlings. Specifically, 50-day-old leek plants formed leaves 18-22 cm longer than those of other age groups (20, 30, and 40-day-old plants). In terms of the number of leaves per plant, those grown from 50-day-old seedlings had 2-4 more leaves compared to plants of other ages. The "white pseudostems" of leeks are consumed fresh or in processed form. The size of the formed white pseudostems on the plants measured 11-18 cm. The findings revealed that the highest yields (21.8-24.7) were obtained from areas planted with 40- and 50-day-old seedlings. This article also presents the results of experiments on the selection of early-ripening and high-yielding varieties of leeks, with the highest yield during 2023-2024 being 21.4 t/ha for the Karantanskiy variety. Biochemical analyses conducted revealed that while the content of sugar, dry matter, protein, essential oils, and fiber in leeks is similar to that of onions and garlic, leeks were found to be superior in terms of vitamins A, B1, B2, C, and mineral salts (Ca, P).
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