HISTORY, EVOLUTION, AND MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COCHLEAR IMPLANT
Keywords:
cochlear implant, hearing loss, electrode design, signal processing, medical technology, rehabilitation.Abstract
This article highlights the history of the formation and development of the cochlear implant, its technological evolution, and its significance in modern medicine. It analyzes the early research on cochlear electrical stimulation conducted in the 1950s–1960s, the single-channel implants developed by William House in the 1970s, and the success of the multichannel systems created under the leadership of Graeme Clark in 1978. Furthermore, improvements in signal processing algorithms, electrode design, biocompatible materials, and the introduction of wireless technologies are examined as key milestones in the evolution of cochlear implants.The article also discusses the main clinical applications of cochlear implants — early implantation in children with congenital hearing impairment, compensation for sensorineural hearing loss in adults, and the implementation of bilateral and bimodal strategies in medical practice. In addition, the social and psychological aspects of the technology, along with its existing challenges and limitations, are analyzed.
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