PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INFLAMMATION: MECHANISMS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC PROCESSES
Keywords:
inflammation, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, cytokines, immune system, biomarkers, treatment strategies.Abstract
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation, its acute and chronic types, key mediators (cytokines, eicosanoids), and clinical significance based on scientific literature. The biological pathways of acute inflammation leading to rapid resolution and chronic inflammation resulting in fibrosis and organ dysfunction are examined. Diagnostic biomarkers (CRP, ESR, IL-6), modern therapeutic strategies (NSAIDs, biologic inhibitors), and prevention methods are discussed. Statistically, chronic inflammation accounts for over 50% of the global disease burden and is a primary driver of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer (WHO, 2022). The article draws conclusions on mitigating inflammation's adverse effects and suggests future research directions.
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