MICROANATOMY OF CRANIAL NERVES AND SURGICAL PATHWAYS
Keywords:
Cranial nerves; microanatomy; neurosurgical pathways; skull base; neurovascular relationships; surgical approaches; intracranial nerves; endoscopic neurosurgery.Abstract
The microanatomy of cranial nerves is fundamental to modern neurosurgery, as these nerves traverse narrow anatomical corridors and maintain intimate relationships with vascular and bony structures at the skull base. A detailed understanding of their origin, cisternal segments, foraminal transitions, and intradural trajectories is critical for preventing iatrogenic injury during skull base and intracranial procedures. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the microanatomy of cranial nerves and examines the surgical pathways most commonly used to access them. Emphasis is placed on nerve–artery relationships, safe operative corridors, and anatomical variations that influence neurosurgical strategy.
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References
Rhoton, A. L. (2002). Cranial Nerve Microanatomy and Surgical Exposure. Neurosurgery.
Tubbs, R. S., Shoja, M. M., & Loukas, M. (2015). Anatomy and Surgery of the Cranial Nerves. Elsevier.
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Matsushima, K., et al. (2019). Cranial Nerve–Artery Relationships in Skull Base Surgery. Acta Neurochirurgica.
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