PARASITIC DERMATOSES: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SCABIES AND PEDICULOSIS AND FAMILY PROPHYLAXIS

Abstract

Background: Parasitic dermatoses, particularly scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) and pediculosis (Pediculus humanus capitis), remain significant public health concerns in Central Asia. These infestations are characterized by high contagiousness and are often associated with overcrowding and delayed diagnosis in family clusters. Objective: This study aims to analyze the epidemiological features of scabies and pediculosis in the Fergana Valley region and to evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous family-based prophylactic treatment compared to individual therapy. Methods: A retrospective epidemiological analysis of 2,450 cases registered at the Regional Dermatovenereology Dispensary (2022–2024) was conducted. Additionally, a prospective observation of 150 families (n=680 individuals) with index cases was performed to assess recurrence rates following synchronous versus asynchronous treatment protocols. Results: The incidence of scabies was highest among school-aged children (7-14 years), accounting for 45% of cases, while pediculosis was predominantly observed in females (78%). Seasonal analysis showed a peak in scabies cases during autumn-winter months. In the prospective arm, families treated simultaneously (synchronous prophylaxis) had a significantly lower recurrence rate (4.2%) compared to those treated individually or sequentially (28.5%, p<0.001). Conclusion: Scabies and pediculosis exhibit distinct epidemiological patterns but share a common transmission route within households. Implementing mandatory "synchronous family prophylaxis," treating all contacts regardless of symptoms, is the most effective strategy to interrupt the chain of transmission.