MODULATORY EFFECTS OF BERBERIS SPECIES ON GUT MICROBIOTA AND THEIR SYNERGISTIC INTERACTION WITH PROBIOTIC STRAINS

Abstract

 This article provides a comprehensive literature-based analysis of the modulatory effects of Berberis species, particularly Berberis vulgaris L., on gut microbiota and their synergistic interactions with probiotic strains. The findings demonstrate that the bioactive compounds of Berberis, including isoquinoline alkaloids (berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, berbamine) and phenolic constituents, selectively modulate the gut microbial composition by enhancing beneficial taxa such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia muciniphila, while suppressing pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, Berberis extracts strengthen intestinal barrier integrity through the upregulation of tight junction proteins and contribute to metabolic stabilization via the microbiota-gut-liver axis, including AMPK pathway activation, improved glucose utilization, and lipid metabolism regulation. Recent evidence further supports the synergistic effects between Berberis extracts and probiotics, which enhance microbial resilience, increase SCFA production, and accelerate the reduction of inflammatory markers. Collectively, these findings position Berberis as a highly promising phytobiotic and a foundational component in developing next-generation symbiotic nutraceutical formulations.