SUBSIDIES AS A HIDDEN INSTRUMENT OF TRADE PRESSURE: CONFLICT BETWEEN WTO NORMS AND NATIONAL POLICY STRATEGIES
Keywords:
Appellate Body, arbitration, interpretation, dispute settlement body, trade balance, legal fragmentation.Abstract
This research paper analyzes the legal ambiguity related to the regulation of subsidies and compensation measures in the context of an institutional crisis within the dispute settlement system. It examines key issues concerning the interpretation of the conceptual framework, including the nature and sources of subsidies, as well as the criteria for their admissibility in international trade. The study also highlights how the dysfunction of the Appellate Body mechanism hinders the uniform application of rules, increases the risk of politicized interpretations, and leads to the intensification of trade barriers.
Downloads
References
World Trade Organization. General Agreement on Trade and Tarriffs. Articles VI and XVI.
Retrieved from: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/ai17_e/gatt1994_e.htm
World Trade Organization. Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing measures (SCM Agreement). Annex 1A of the Marrakkesh Agreement Establishing the WTO. Retrieved from:
https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/24-scm.pdf
World Trade Organization. Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU). Retrieved from: https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/28-dsu.pdf
World Trade Organization. (2020). Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement Pursuant to Article 25 of the DSU (MPIA). Retrieved from:
https://www.worldtradelaw.net/document.php?id=misc/MPIA.pdf
WTO Appellate Body. (2014). United States – Countervailing Duty Measures on Certain Products from China (DS437).
Retrieved from: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds437_e.htm
WTO Appellate Body. (2018). United States – Conditional Tax Incentives for Large Civil Aircraft (DS487). Retrieved from: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds487_e.htm
WTO Appellate Body. (2019). European Communities and Certain Member States – Measures Affecting Trade in Large Civil Aircraft (DS316).
Retrieved from: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds316_e.htm
Van den Bossche, P., & Zdouc, W. (2021). The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization: Text, Cases and Materials (5th ed.). Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://www.cambridge.org/uz/universitypress/subjects/law/international-trade-law/law-and-policy-world-trade-organization-text-cases-and-materials-5th-edition?format=HB&isbn=9781108478205
Sykes, A. O. (2003). The Economics of WTO Rules on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. Chicago Journal of International Law, 2(2), 483–519. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1515&context=law_and_economics
Peter Van den Bossche, The Demise of the WTO Appellate Body: Lessons for Governance of International Adjudication?, WTI Working Paper No. 02/2021
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All content published in the Journal of Applied Science and Social Science (JASSS) is protected by copyright. Authors retain the copyright to their work, and grant JASSS the right to publish the work under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). This license allows others to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as they credit the author(s) for the original creation.
