Comprehension, listening skills, and hermeneutic theory

Abstract

This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the linguo-cognitive and psycho-hermeneutic foundations of comprehension and listening skills. The study explains the perceptual, semantic, and interpretive stages of listening comprehension as a complex type of mental activity. Furthermore, the core ideas of hermeneutic theory — the multi-layered nature of textual meaning, the circular structure of understanding (the hermeneutic “circle”), and the mechanisms of meaning alignment between subject and object — are substantiated in relation to listening processes. The logical-constructive, contextual, axiological, and pragmatic components of comprehension are examined through the lens of contemporary research in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and pedagogical hermeneutics. The findings synthesize scientific conclusions aimed at deepening the understanding of teacher–learner communicative interaction, developing effective listening comprehension strategies, and optimizing meaning interpretation within educational settings.