THE ROLE OF LIFESTYLE CHANGES IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, imposing significant social and economic burdens. While pharmacological and surgical interventions are essential for disease management, growing evidence highlights the critical role of lifestyle modifications in both prevention and long-term health outcomes. This review examines current research on the impact of diet, physical activity, tobacco cessation, alcohol moderation, stress management, and sleep hygiene on cardiovascular health. Findings indicate that integrated lifestyle interventions can substantially reduce the risk of CVD, improve metabolic and hemodynamic parameters, and enhance overall quality of life. Moreover, personalized and culturally sensitive strategies, supported by public health initiatives, are essential to ensure adherence and maximize effectiveness. The synthesis of these studies underscores the importance of incorporating lifestyle changes into routine clinical practice and public health policies to mitigate the global burden of cardiovascular disease.