IRONY AS A TOOL FOR CRITICIZING SOCIAL VICES IN A. P. CHEKHOV'S SHORT STORIES (comparative analysis of the works "GOOSEBERRIES" and "THE LADY WITH THE DOG")

Abstract

The article examines the use of irony as an artistic device for criticizing social and moral vices in A. P. Chekhov's short stories "Gooseberries" and "The Lady with the Dog." The analysis aims to identify the methods by which the author combines the outward simplicity of narration with a profound satirical intent, exposing the moral degradation, hypocrisy, and self-deception of his characters. The transformation of ironic tone from overt social and moral criticism in "Gooseberries" to subtle, psychologically motivated irony in "The Lady with the Dog" is examined. It is demonstrated how in both works irony transitions into moral and philosophical commentary, revealing the limitations of human aspirations, the illusion of happiness, social indifference, and spiritual passivity. The study utilizes contemporary philological works, ensuring the relevance and scientific validity of the analysis conducted.