DIABETIC NEUROPATHY: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND TREATMENT APPROACHES
Keywords:
Diabetic neuropathy; diabetes mellitus; neuropathic pain; peripheral neuropathy; glycemic control; diabetic complicationsAbstract
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common and disabling chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, resulting from long-term metabolic and microvascular damage to peripheral and autonomic nerves. The condition presents with a wide range of clinical manifestations, including sensory disturbances, neuropathic pain, motor dysfunction, and autonomic impairment, all of which significantly reduce patients’ quality of life and increase the risk of severe complications such as foot ulcers and amputations.This article aims to review the clinical manifestations of diabetic neuropathy and to evaluate current treatment approaches based on available clinical evidence. A narrative and analytical review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted, focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic features, and therapeutic strategies. The results indicate that distal symmetric polyneuropathy is the most prevalent form, with sensory symptoms appearing early in the disease course. Effective management relies on early diagnosis, optimal glycemic control, pharmacological treatment for neuropathic pain, and preventive measures including patient education and foot care. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve clinical outcomes and reduce the burden of diabetic neuropathy.
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