THE IMPACT OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION ON IMMUNOREGULATORY MECHANISMS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Keywords:
cytomegalovirus infection, rheumatoid arthritis, immunity, lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Tregs).Abstract
Disruption of the balance between effector and regulatory components of the immune system represents the principal pathogenetic mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis. The main etiological factors include the combined effects of genetic predisposition and environmental influences. Disruption of the balance between effector and regulatory components of the immune system represents the main pathogenetic mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The principal etiological factors include the combined effects of genetic predisposition and environmental influences. T cells, particularly regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), play a significant role in maintaining this balance; however, the functional mechanisms of T-cell subpopulations, as well as the contribution of individual etiological factors in RA, have not yet been fully elucidated.
The aim of this study was to investigate parameters of cellular immunity in RA, with special emphasis on T cells and regulatory T cells, depending on the degree of disease activity and the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. In patients with RA, a statistically significant decrease in the number of cells with the CD4⁺FOXP3⁺ and CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ phenotypes was observed, depending on the stage of RA activity. The presence of CMV infection in RA patients was associated with a reduction in the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD3⁺ T lymphocytes, and CD3⁺CD8⁺ cells in peripheral blood.
At the same time, RA was characterized by an increase in the levels of B lymphocytes and CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells. An increase in anti-CMV antibody levels was also noted, correlating with the degree of RA activity.
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