MILITARY AND POLITICAL FACTORS IN THE EMERGENCE OF STATEHOOD IN ANCIENT KHOREZM (7TH–6TH CENTURIES BC)
Keywords:
Khorezm, Kozaliqir, early statehood, Saka tribes, nomadic pastoralism, military democracy, social structure, Aral Sea region, archaeology.Abstract
This article examines the formation of early statehood in Khorezm during the 7th–6th centuries BC based on archaeological, historical, and historiographical sources. Particular attention is given to the Kozaliqir site as one of the earliest military-administrative and cult centers in the region. The study analyzes the social organization of nomadic Saka communities, the emergence of military alliances, political leadership structures, and critically reassesses the concept of “military democracy.” The author challenges the class-based interpretations dominant in Soviet historiography and argues that the rise of statehood in Khorezm was primarily driven by territorial, military-political, and social necessities rather than internal exploitation mechanisms.
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