HUMAN FREEDOM AND THE PROBLEM OF RESPONSIBILITY: A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
Keywords:
Free will, moral responsibility, determinism, compatibilism, existentialism, ethicsAbstract
The problem of human freedom and responsibility has remained one of the central issues in philosophy from antiquity to the present day. This study examines the relationship between free will and moral responsibility within the frameworks of determinism, compatibilism, and existentialism. Using comparative philosophical analysis, the paper explores whether human beings can be considered morally responsible if their actions are determined by internal or external causes. The findings suggest that although strict determinism challenges traditional notions of responsibility, compatibilist and existentialist approaches provide coherent foundations for moral accountability. The study concludes that responsibility remains essential for ethical and social systems.
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References
Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2009.
Hume, D. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Oxford University Press, 2007.
Kant, I. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Sartre, J.-P. Existentialism Is a Humanism. Yale University Press, 2007.
Spinoza, B. Ethics. Penguin Classics, 2000.
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