MULTIPARAMETRIC ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTICS IN THE ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF OUTCOMES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
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Doppler ultrasound occupies a key position in modern medical imaging and is widely used to assess the velocity and direction of blood flow. This method is based on the Doppler effect, which allows for recording changes in the frequency of ultrasound echo signals reflected from moving blood cells. In many clinical situations, Doppler ultrasound successfully replaces radiocontrast angiography due to its non-invasive nature , the absence of ionizing radiation, and the ability to dynamically assess hemodynamics in real time.Abstract
Renal Doppler ultrasound plays a key role in the comprehensive assessment and diagnosis of kidney diseases, which can be functional, diffuse, and systemic. The use of Doppler imaging techniques allows for an objective assessment of vascular changes and renal hemodynamics. Doppler imaging is widely used to analyze renal artery perfusion, with key quantitative indicators including the resistive index, pulsatility index, and peak systolic blood flow velocity, which reflect the state of intrarenal circulation. Doppler analysis provides clinically significant diagnostic information, enabling the detection of early signs of impaired renal perfusion and the prediction of renal parenchymal damage at the preclinical stage. In recent years, ultrasound elastography, a promising noninvasive method aimed at assessing the mechanical properties of renal tissue, has seen significant development. Elastography expands the capabilities of ultrasound diagnostics, allowing for the quantitative characterization of the degree of fibrotic changes and structural reorganization of the parenchyma. The combined use of Doppler ultrasound and elastography is considered an effective approach to assessing chronic kidney disease, increasing the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of ultrasound examination. In the future, the use of elastography may significantly reduce the need for invasive procedures, including renal biopsy, and contribute to the optimization of patient management strategies for chronic kidney disease.
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