PHILOSOPHY OF BEING (ONTOLOGY)

Authors

  • Qurbonova Rayhona Tohir kizi, Ashirov Sardor Bahodir ugli, Bahriddinova Shabnam Adham kizi, Mamatqulova Nilufar Khusanovna student of the Faculty of Pediatrics, pediatrics department, group 105-b, Acting Associate Professor (PhD) of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Sciences, Termez Branch of Tashkent State Medical University.

Keywords:

Ontology, Metaphysics, Substance, Dualism, Determinism, Materialism, Being vs. Becoming, Causality.

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive and multi-layered analysis of ontology as one of the most fundamental and conceptual branches of philosophy. Within the scope of the study, the category of being is examined through the interrelation of its epistemological and ontological interpretations, and its substantial, attributive, and modal characteristics are explored on the basis of deep philosophical reflection. The dialectical relations between the material and spiritual forms of being, as well as their dynamics of development through contradiction and negation, are theoretically substantiated.

Furthermore, the article analyzes the ontological status of the categories of space and time, including their absolute and relative properties, as well as metaphysical and post-metaphysical approaches associated with them. The role of human consciousness in the cognition of being is considered within the framework of subject–object relations, and new interpretations are proposed through phenomenological and existential perspectives. Philosophical views ranging from ancient Greek philosophy to modern continental and analytic traditions are comparatively examined to identify the evolutionary stages of ontological thought.

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References

Aristotle. Metaphysics (Books VII-IX). — Provides the fundamental framework for "Material Cause" and "Final Cause" (Teleology) used in the analysis.

Bertalanffy L. von (1968). General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications. — The primary source for the hierarchical subordination of parts to the systemic whole.

Cannon, W. B. (1932). The Wisdom of the Body. — The classical text defining Homeostasis as an existential and regulatory imperative.

Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2020). Textbook of Medical Physiology (14th Ed.). — Used for empirical validation of hormonal feedback loops and systemic equilibrium.

Hartmann, N. (1940). New Ways of Ontology. — Analyzes the levels of Being and the hierarchical laws governing organic structures.

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Published

2026-04-13

How to Cite

Qurbonova Rayhona Tohir kizi, Ashirov Sardor Bahodir ugli, Bahriddinova Shabnam Adham kizi, Mamatqulova Nilufar Khusanovna. (2026). PHILOSOPHY OF BEING (ONTOLOGY). Journal of Applied Science and Social Science, 16(4), 519–521. Retrieved from https://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass/article/view/4027

Issue

Vol. 16 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Applied Science and Social Science

Section

Articles

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