LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF SYNONYMIC SERIES, ANTONYMIC OPPOSITIONS, GRADATIONAL SCALING, AND EVALUATIVE OPPOSITIONS OF EMOTIONAL-EVALUATIVE ADJECTIVES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
Keywords:
emotional-evaluative adjectives, appraisal, synonymy, antonymy, gradation, evaluative opposition, English, Uzbek.Abstract
This article examines the paradigmatic properties of emotional-evaluative adjectives in English and Uzbek from a comparative perspective. The analysis focuses on synonymic series, antonymic oppositions, gradational scaling, and evaluative oppositions. The theoretical framework combines appraisal theory, paradigmatic semantics, and contemporary approaches to antonymy. The empirical basis includes O‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘ati, Izoh.uz, Sinonim.uz, and Antonim.uz for Uzbek, and Cambridge English Thesaurus, Cambridge Dictionary Grammar, and Merriam-Webster Thesaurus for English. The findings show that emotional-evaluative adjectives in both languages share a common axiological core, yet differ in semantic differentiation, expressive force, and pragmatic range. English tends toward stronger lexical differentiation, whereas Uzbek more frequently exhibits contextual expansion and expressive loading.
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References
Martin, J. R., White, P. R. R. The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. pp. 42–69; 137–157.
Thompson, G., Hunston, S. “Evaluation: An Introduction.” In: Hunston, S., Thompson, G. (eds.) Evaluation in Text: Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. pp. 1–27.
Murphy, M. Lynne. Semantic Relations and the Lexicon: Antonymy, Synonymy, and Other Paradigms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. pp. 3–25; 133–169; 169–215.
Jones, S., Murphy, M. Lynne, Paradis, C., Willners, C. Antonyms in English: Construals, Constructions and Canonicity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. pp. 1–9.
O‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘ati. 5 jildli. Toshkent: O‘zbekiston nashriyoti, 2021. 80 000 dan ortiq so‘z va so‘z birikmasi.
Izoh.uz — O‘zbek tilining xalqona izohli lug‘ati.
Sinonim.uz — O‘zbek tili sinonimlar lug‘ati.
Antonim.uz — O‘zbek tili antonimlar lug‘ati.
Cambridge Dictionary Grammar. “Adjectives”; “Gradable opposites
Cambridge English Thesaurus. Entries for good, nice, lovely, wonderful, bad, pleasant, beautiful, and kind.
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