DEMYELINATING DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM – MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.

Abstract

This article discusses the causes, pathogenesis, and clinical features of multiple sclerosis. The process of demyelination, which underlies the disease and involves damage to the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers, is explained from a scientific perspective. In addition, the roles of genetic factors, viral infections, vitamin D deficiency, and harmful habits in the development of the disease are analyzed. The clinical types of multiple sclerosis, their course, and main symptoms are systematically described. The article also provides information about diagnostic methods, including modern diagnostic approaches, as well as principles of treatment. The main aim of this work is to summarize knowledge about multiple sclerosis, explain its complex nature in a clear and understandable way, and highlight the importance of early diagnosis and effective disease management.