TYPES AND LEVELS OF EQUIVALENCE AND ADEQUACY IN TRANSLATION: A THEORETICAL OVERVIEW
Keywords:
translation theory, equivalence, adequacy, semantic correspondence, communicative function, linguistic transformation.Abstract
`Translation represents one of the most ancient yet methodologically challenging forms of human intellectual activity. Despite substantial progress in translation studies, the conceptual boundaries between “equivalence” and “adequacy” continue to generate debate, particularly within Uzbek, Russian, English, and comparative translation contexts. The aim of this article is to provide a concise theoretical examination of the types and degrees of equivalence and adequacy, drawing on classical and contemporary sources. The study synthesizes linguistic, cultural, pragmatic, and functional dimensions of translation, demonstrating how communicative purpose and contextual factors shape translation outcomes. The analysis argues that equivalence and adequacy function as interrelated yet distinct categories: equivalence addresses semantic similarity, while adequacy reflects the appropriateness and communicative success of the translation. The findings contribute to refining theoretical models used in translation pedagogy and quality assessment within modern translation studies.Downloads
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