ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY: MODERN APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Abstract

Background: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most common hematological disorder in pregnancy, affecting nearly 50% of women in the Andijan region. It is a major risk factor for preterm birth, low birth weight, and postpartum hemorrhage. Traditional management with oral iron salts is often limited by gastrointestinal side effects and poor compliance. This study compares the efficacy and safety of modern intravenous (IV) iron formulations versus oral iron therapy. Methods: A randomized clinical trial included 160 pregnant women (24-32 weeks gestation) with moderate IDA (Hb 70-99 g/L). Participants were randomized into two groups: Group A (n=80) received oral Ferrous Sulfate (100 mg elemental iron twice daily), and Group B (n=80) received IV Ferric Carboxymaltose (calculated dose based on Ganzoni formula). Hematological parameters (Hb, Ferritin) and adverse effects were monitored for 6 weeks. Results: Group B achieved a significantly faster rise in Hemoglobin levels (mean increase of 2.8 g/dL vs. 1.2 g/dL in Group A after 4 weeks, p < 0.001). Ferritin stores were restored in 95% of women in the IV group compared to only 30% in the oral group. Gastrointestinal side effects (nausea, constipation) were reported by 35% of Group A, leading to 15% non-compliance, whereas Group B had minimal adverse events. Conclusion: Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose is superior to oral iron in rapidly correcting anemia and replenishing iron stores in the second and third trimesters, offering a safe and effective alternative for women with moderate-to-severe anemia or oral intolerance.