IMPACT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA ON THE CLINICAL COURSE OF PREGNANCY AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES

Abstract

Background: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) remains a prevalent complication in obstetrics, particularly in the Fergana Valley region. It creates a state of chronic hemic hypoxia, potentially disrupting the physiological adaptation of the maternal organism to pregnancy. This study aims to evaluate the specific influence of IDA on the frequency of obstetric complications, labor anomalies, and perinatal outcomes. Methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted involving 300 pregnant women. The Main Group consisted of 200 women with diagnosed IDA (mild to severe), and the Control Group included 100 women with normal hemoglobin levels. Clinical courses, placental function (Doppler), and labor outcomes were analyzed. Results: Women with IDA had a significantly higher incidence of placental insufficiency (45% vs. 12%, p<0.001), threatened preterm labor (38% vs. 15%), and preeclampsia (22% vs. 8%). During labor, the IDA group experienced a higher rate of uterine inertia (weakness of labor activity) and postpartum hemorrhage. Neonates born to anemic mothers had lower APGAR scores and a higher frequency of low birth weight. Conclusion: IDA is a significant independent risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. It compromises placental function and maternal tolerance to delivery. Effective preconception care and early correction of iron stores are essential to reduce obstetric morbidity.